Annotated+Bib

=1st Annotation:= Landers, Daniel M. "The Influence of Exercise on Mental Health." //Mental Health//. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. <[]>.


 * Information:** The author is a Professor at Arizona State College in the Department of Kinesiology. This is an informational report because it provides anecdotes and quotes from other sources. It is also filled with definitions to bold-faced words so that the reader would know the meaning when they saw the word in the actual article. The article was very informative for it provided a lot of insight. Daniel Landers writes his article targeted toward those readers who want to be informed of the subject on exercise. This would include, but is not limited to, scholars, professors, and experts.


 * Summary:** The author's purpose for the article is to inform the public of his opinion, that exercise is beneficial to both mental and physical health. The author is in the position of promoting exercise because he believes that mental health and even physical health benefits from exercise. He says that depression can be aided with exercise, and he claims there is anxiety reduction. He pinpoints the effect of a positive mood when you exercise; get restful sleep, in order to boost self-esteem. For evidence, he alludes to many outside references to which he cites in his article. Instead of basing on pure known facts, he researches it in depth. Daniel addresses common knowledge and takes it a step further by saying that “[i]t has only been in recent years, however, that it has become commonplace to read in magazines and health newsletters that exercise can also be of value in promoting sound mental health” (Landers 1). So, essentially, awareness of the beneficial qualities of exercise has only been highlighted recently. Daniel also poses the difficulty between distinguishing from scientific proof, “[p]art of the problem in interpreting the scientific literature is that there are over 100 scientific studies dealing with exercise and depression or exercise and anxiety and not all of these studies show statistically significant benefits with exercise training” (Landers 2). But then he describes the increase in scientific reviews, “a meta-analysis allows for a summary of results across studies” (Landers 2). By including meta-analysis, a form of analysis where a bunch of information is gathered and sorted through to make sense of it, a wide range of information is studied to better understand the subject being researched. In this case, exercise.


 * Evaluation:** The work is logical, and it is clear, and I would argue that it is well-searched. But my research topic is so broad that by reading this article, I couldn’t sense being complete. It is only my first article, and I need to find more. Yet, the topic has been adequately addressed throughout the seven pages of this article. Daniel Lander’s objective stance is to emphasize that exercise is GOOD.

//Is this source helpful to your research?// Yes. I believe that this article has many points I could address in my potential presentation. It keeps me on my toes about the obvious emotional conflicts that exercise can help. And while I was reading this article, I realized that many people might be too depressed to want to exercise...or they may feel like they are unable. My next source will have to help me center around ways of encouragement.
 * Reflection:**

=2nd Annotation:= Legters, Kristin. "Fear of Falling." //Physical Therapy//. Journal of the American Physical Therapy Association, n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. .


 * Information:** Kristin Legters, PT, MS, NCS, is Assistant Professor and Academic Coordinator of Clinical Education, Physical Therapy Program, Gannon University. She is accredited and the site gives her contact informations. AJ Palumbo Academic Center, Rm 3023, Erie, PA 16541 (USA) (legters001@mail1.gannon.edu), and Physical Therapist, HealthSouth Rehabilitation Hospital of Erie, Erie, Pa. Address all correspondence to the first address. All of this is on the website, so it is easily accessible to anyone who cares to dig further. But, having all these titles under her name, and after reading this complex article – I trust her to be a very informative women who knows what she is talking about. Kristin Legters wrote this article pointed to students of Physical Therapy probably desiring to hold a better knowledge of the walking treatment PT’s usually do on their patients; and to understand the factors that go into it. Most centered on fear of walking.


 * Summary:** This article discusses the fear of falling and labels it with a name – ptophobia, which is the phobia reaction due to standing or walking. Also, there is an abbreviation that threads throughout the passage for fear of falling “FOF.” This fear is most common in older adults, pushing more to the elderly, but certainly not limited to just them. However, it is shown that this is a recent study. It is something that only recently has been address – since the 1980s the FOF has been paid more attention to. Kristin Legters clearly states the purpose of this article, “[t]he purpose of this update is to increase the reader's awareness of the current findings about FOF, including its prevalence among the growing older adult population in the United States” (Legters 3). What she writes lucidly is the exactly what I am trying to convey in my summary. The author also adds statistical measures in percentages to record the prevalence’s of fear of falling saying that it “has been reported to occur in 12% to 65% of older adults (those in the sixth decade of age or older) who live independently in the community and do not have a history of falling.” Some factors that tie into FOF is poorer health statuses, depression, and anxiety. And yet, Kristin Legters goes steps further to create awareness to how this FOF could be treated by counseling; this alone helps educate older adults about the fall, gives them motivational thoughts, and helps them control their fear.


 * Evaluation:** This article was a bit out of my league, if only because the way the information was expressed was definitely with a wide stretch. The vocabulary and certain mathematical input that correlated with the article was a bit of a mesh to work through. But some key passages stuck out to me and helped me understand so that I could write my summary above. What I get from this article is that the author, Kristin Legters, is highlighting the fear of falling in older adults; but, at the same time, she is educating on how to get over or control that fear. So it’s understanding and learning going hand-in-hand.


 * Reflection:** //Is this source helpful to your research?// Yes, especially now that I’ve kind of centered my essential question on the impact of moods and emotions. Fear is a big one at that, and most physical therapy patients go through this fear of falling, I would imagine, every day. This article is a difficult read, but with some paraphrasing and a good dictionary by my side I’m sure I will be able to sift through the tough parts to create more in depth meaning.

=3rd Annotation:﻿= "Physical Therapist." //The Princeton Review//. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. .

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 * Information:** Unlike my previous two articles, this one does not have an author. At least not one that is visibly given credit to on the site. So I am assuming this was written by an editor of the Princeton Review alone. The Princeton Review is a great site where students can go to search for things they want found. Because they are scholarly based, they are trustworthy to use. And also because these articles found on the Princeton Review are targeted toward college-bound or in-college students, the vocabulary does not seem like it’s in a total different terminology – very strict medical terminology that not many of us are used to yet.======

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 * Summary:** This article also differs from the above to in that it describes more of the role of the Physical Therapist him/herself. It describes the demands that correlate with being a Physical Therapist. There are strong physical and emotional demands of a person who is a Physical Therapist. For one, a physical therapist has to be physically able to handle the tasks. Tasks such as standing, walking, bending, crouching, and supporting. That long can cause many strains on the different muscles in the body. Emotionally, it is a “strain of working with people who are frustrated at their newly limited abilities [and] can take its toll” (Princeton Review). So in other words, as a Physical Therapist you need to have a transparent guard up. You cannot take things very personally, because you are only trying to help the patient. Yet some things may not go right the first time around, or may not work at all for the patient, and you need to know how to maneuver around those obstacles so as to not hinder your patient’s therapy and healing treatment.======

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 * Evaluation:** This article was an easy read, which is something I like. I don’t know so much about the validity it has to my research – except that it is nice to know what the other factors are. For instance, since I am focusing on the patients, it is just better for me to have an understanding of what the Physical Therapists have to endure along with their patient’s struggles and fears.======

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 * Reflection:** //Is this source helpful to your research?// It most definitely was. Not only was it comprehendible but it was very insightful in that it gave me the view of “the other side” I guess I could say.======

=4th Annotation:﻿= Peloquin, Suzanne M. "Affirming Empathy as a Moral Disposition." //Affirming// //Empathy as a Moral Disposition//: 1-25. Web. 17 Oct. 2010. .


 * Information:** The author, Suzanna Peloquin, is titled with PhD, OTR, FAOTA Professor at the School of Allied Health Sciences at The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. With all these titles under her belt, it is easily assumed that she knows very well what it is she is talking about – which is why I trust this article. Which is more like an essay than anything else. And within this essay there are a lot of big points.


 * Summary:** This article focuses on the empathy needed between patient and physical therapist (occupation therapists are included abundantly throughout this essay as well). The three types of empathy is what Peloquin mentions and describes thoroughly. These three types are all under moral empathy, which she describes as Moral Disposition – the words that fall under this category are virtuous, ethical, noble, and righteous. First she questions is in a multidimensional perspective. Second she pinpoints it to just occupational and physical therapy practices. Third, she defines empathy and describes it. She covers a broad spectrum with this tiny little word ‘empathy.’ It is amazing that so many concepts can be derived by this seven-letter word.


 * Evaluation:** As I begun reading this essay, I felt as though it wasn’t so very complex that I couldn’t understand. Though Peloquin is kind of repetitive with the use of the words ‘moral, virtuous, noble, radicle, and empathy’ – I realize now that those are just there to emphasize the importance of the over-all concept. I feel as though this essay proves very helpful to me in my research because it gives me some leeway for more information.


 * Reflection:** After being stuck, feeling as if everywhere I turned to that I was faced with a dead end – I have two teachers to thank for taking me out of that rut. This article, though it speaks of Empathy as it’s central focus – is extremely helpful. Empathy is “the intellectual identification with or vicarious experiencing of the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another” (dictionary.com). Which is EXACTLY what I had been looking for all along. The way a physical therapist interacts with their patients and vice versa – the whole relationship between the two in order to achieve their ultimate goal in their treatment. Or at least to steer them in the right direction. All 25 pages of this essay proves useful to me, and that is a great relief.

=5th Annotation:﻿= Roberts, Lisa, and Sally J Bucksey. "Communicating with patients: what happens in practice? (physical therapy)." //BNET//. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2010. .


 * Information:** Lisa Roberts and Sally J. Bucksey are the two authors of this article. This article was posted on BNET which is affiliated with CBS News. Because CBS is highly renown, I trust this site and these authors for this article. When I googled Lisa Roberts I came across a site that I think was her ([]). If so, then she is a very accredited source in this article for she is an ARC Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy/Superintendent Physiotherapist and a Researcher. Sally J. Bucksey is also highly accredited and is a Doctor. Her contact information is sally.bucksey@wdgh.nhs.uk. And in my findings for Dr. Bucksey, she often came up with Lisa Roberts. So my guess is that they are joint researchers, their partnership in the field is evident.


 * Summary:** Lisa Roberts and Sally J. Bucksey write about the effectiveness and complications with communication. There are two types: verbal and nonverbal. Verbal communication is a “message conveyed to another individual [that] relies on his or her ability to listen, hear, and assimilate the message appropriately (2).” Nonverbal communication is “all behaviors that convey messages without the use of verbal language (2).” I regarded that as body language, or facial feature language.


 * Evaluation:** This article was very informative and didn’t just stick to the “everything is perfect” thought-process. The authors shed some light on the faults and how hard the whole communication issue can be. For example, “the complexity of measuring interactions between patients and health care professionals is well recognized” (1). Also, “[a]ccording to Waddell, (9) when the nonverbal message conflicts with the verbal message, people probably will not believe what is said (2).” There needs to be a balance, and it is hard to find that balance.


 * Reflection:** I was a bit confused with all the numbers they have behind some sentences. For example: “relatively little is known about the content of health care consultations. (24)” I didn’t understand the meaning for the numbers. And there was no identification or key for it. So I’m not sure why it was there. All I can assume is that it was from a book that they cited? But then, wouldn’t they need to have put quotation marks around the sentence? Unless they weren’t directly quoting – maybe they were paraphrasing. But still, they would have need to add some reference after their article to allude to the numbers. But there weren’t any references. So, I don’t know. Aside from that confusion though, nothing else was confusing. And this all added to my information on my topic and helped my progression.

=**6th Annotation:**=

Ambady, Nalini, et al. "Physical Therapist' Nonverbal Communication Predicts Geriatric Patients' Health Outcomes." //Psychology and Aging//. American Psychological Association, Inc., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2010.


 * Information:** Nalini Ambady is a PhD Professor of Social Pyschology at Harvard University. She is highly accredited and does much research, gaining many Honors and Awards as she goes. Nalini Ambadyi’s information can be found here: [|http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~na/na.html]. Jasook Koo is also a PhD Professor of psychology in Harvard; but he does not have an individual site giving him credit. Though he appears in many research articles as a joint author. Carol H. Winograd works at the Stanford University and is an MD. Robert Rosenthal is a Psychologist at the University of California, Riverside. He “ has conducted research on the role of self-fulfilling prophecies in everyday life and in laboratory situations.” His information can be found here: [].


 * Summary:** Two studies were investigated to show the link between patient and health care providers (physicians and physical therapists). What they looked for was both nonverbal and verbal communication skills. With the use of a videotape, naïve judges were set to determine the outcomes of these investigations. Then these evaluations were discussed among further specialists. The same thing was tested after 3 months of a patient’s discharge out of the hospital. Facial expressions and body language were observed between both subjects.


 * Evaluation:** The article itself lent itself up to direct research. I learned things about thin slicing which is giving “samples of expressive behavior, which is chronic, reliable, stylistic, and often not subject to conscious control.” In this article, several studies were made. The studies included putting patients and physicians/physical therapists in rooms together; they knew they were being taped, so as to reveal their communication skills between each other.


 * Reflection:** I didn’t feel as though everything in this article referred to the issue I’m researching. There were sections in the packet which were relevant to my topic; and that is what I paid most attention to. I think that the fact that research has been done to determine communication issues between patients and their physical therapists, it is good and doesn’t leave me feeling as though this is some untouched topic.

=7th Annotation:= Julie. "A Personal Essay on Communication in Physical Therapy." //Epinions.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. .


 * Information:** Julie wrote this essay for her graduate work at Northwestern University. Her last name is unknown and not given in any part of this paper. But her opinions are splattered throughout. Though her essay was found on Epinions.com; it is, by their terms, that she has written 43 reviews and is trusted by 17 members of the site.


 * Summary:** This is a personal essay written by Julie. It is about communication and how she thinks it is very important in life. Taking her own experiences as a forefront, she discusses the mannerisms and different functions both verbal and nonverbal communications have. She explains that the eyes are the most expressive tool in a human being, although in some cultures where staring or eye-gazing is a sign of disrespect, there are other functions. For instance she says she “use[s] open body language and posture, leaning forward making the person [she] am speaking to feel [she] is giving them [her] full attention” (3). But with so many abilities, come weaknesses. Hers, for example, is that she talks too much. She says “[i]f someone is telling me a story, I have a tendency to try to help fill in gaps” (5). This can make a person telling the story feel rushed and discourages them from continuing on.


 * Evaluation:** The author only alludes to physical therapy in her last paragraph. I think if I were her, I would have mentioned it beforehand – or at least expanded on it a bit more. Because she says all of her findings on communications helps her be a better physical therapist now. What about before? And she could have just elaborated a bit more.


 * Reflection:** I don’t know so much about the credibility. Although I do like the fact that it was written in a straight-forward way; where anyone can read it and easily connect with the author. It reaches out to a lot of people, and I think that is why I like it so much.

=8th Annotation:= "Professionalism in Physical Therapy: Core Values." //America Physical Therapy// //Association//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. .


 * Information:** There are no authors listed for these pages, but I am under the assumption that it was made up by the directors of this organization. Although, I still have no idea why there is no one accredited for this. I searched, but came up empty handed.


 * Summary:** Basically, as with every job, there is a code of conduct, or in this instance there are core values that are entrusted with every Physical Therapist. These are grounded so that there is a high sense of professionalism and to ensure that these guidelines are followed. They are listed as Accountability, Altruism, Compassion/Caring, Excellence, Integrity, Professional Duty, and Social Responsibility. And in the pages that follow, there are charts listing specifics for each of those seven.


 * Evaluation:** It is good that there is something like this. A guideline for physical therapists to follow so that they don’t stray from a path of unprofessionalism.


 * Reflection:** I think this could be very useful to me in my upcoming project and volunteer work.

=9th Annotation:= GRANNIS, Carol J. "The Ideal Physical Therapist as Perceived by the Elderly Patient." //PT Journal//. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2010. .


 * Information:** I found scarce information on Carol J. Grannis. Nothing besides the fact that she’s participated in collaboration with a few other articles on PT. She is a physical therapist herself, and lives in Sacramento, CA. That is all I was able to find on her; but I might go back and do a more thorough research. I wasn’t happy with my results. Maybe Google just isn’t the best source. Or, isn’t as good as I thought it would be for this type of stuff. However, the article itself is legitimate. I just need to find her credentials.

**Summary:** Grannis introduces the patient-physical therapy relationship through the eyes of the elderly patient. A lot can be said about your work from someone who has to follow your rules, or guidance. If results aren’t positive, then that reflects back on the PT in charge of your therapy. She quotes Anderson by saying, "the importance of the patient's perception of the physical therapist in the roles of therapist and teacher and the general professional conduct of the physical therapist in relation to the patient's overall evaluation of the physical therapy program." Which is basically reiterating what I said above.


 * Evaluation:** I think that this is a pretty good article. Especially to see the view of the patient. I like how Grannis also alludes to many other people’s opinions.


 * Reflection:** I think I would like to find an article focusing on a younger child’s perception of things also; just so I get a broad spectrum of patients.

=10th Annotation:= "'ethic of care' in physical therapy practice and education: Challenges and Opportunities." //BNET//. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2010. .


 * Information:** Again, this is a source without an author. At least, none that could be found. So I think it is safe to assume that the editors of BNET wrote this. Anonymously perhaps to just focus more on the information than anything else. But BNET is The CBS Interactive Business Network and “provides actionable intelligence that helps corporate managers and small business owners become effective leaders and achieve success.” The reason for Physical Therapy being alluded to in an article in BNET is to help health managers, or health providers in general, lead a more beneficial work area. To ensure that the people they hire know what they are up against, and don’t just goof off while on the job.


 * Summary:** The article begins by giving brief definitions of the words they highlight as the key words throughout the paper. The words are “care,” “ethic,” and “physical therapy.” To each of these words, a physical therapy definition is linked to it. They define care as something that is “discuss[ed] how we provide physical therapy services. We develop plans of care that give direction to treatment, and we consider ourselves members of a health care team.” But there is also multiple meanings of the word care within their world: “to have cares or worries, to grieve, the object of attention, and caution in avoiding harm or danger.3 The concept of caring wields much influence in the physical therapy profession, but it is often a vague and unspecific descriptor of our ethical obligations to patients. “ They say that ethics is part of their Conduct guide in “regarding attitudes of physical therapists states that physical therapists are to be guided by concern for the physical, psychological, and socioeconomic welfare of those individuals entrusted to their care.”


 * Evaluation:** The article seems very informative, and directed to potential physical therapists wanting to read about what they are up against. Maybe people just want to find out what exactly IS a physical therapist and what they do, and also how they handle the situations that they are in. It seems like the people who wrote this knew what they were talking about. Maybe through previous experiences or heavy researching. Though, it is my personal belief, that before you give advice or suggestions or even opinions about something, that you should have gone through some sort of similar experience – just so that you aren’t pulling words out of thin air and formulating them into sentences that SEEM true, but really are not.


 * Reflection:** This was a lot of information to wrap my head around. I think I might have to go back and reread things more carefully and patiently, because I just don’t think I grappled onto the main source of this article. In fact, after I thought I finished writing up the annotation for it, I found out there was more than one page. And it seemed like more than one article too, because when I clicked to turn to the next page, there was an author mentioned and everything. So it might just be separate. I’ll review it closely.